1. Game da kera bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta
Bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta na samfuran kayan aikin likita ne. Yawancin masana'antun cikin gida suna yin rajista bisa ga samfuran aji na farko, kuma kamfanoni kaɗan ne aka yiwa rajista bisa ga samfuran aji na biyu. Kwanan nan, don saduwa da bukatun gaggawa na Wuhan da sauran wurare, kamfanoni da yawa sun ɗauki "tashar gaggawa" "Aika don izinin rikodin aji na farko. Bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta ya ƙunshi swab samfurin, maganin adana ƙwayoyin cuta da marufi na waje. Tunda babu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar ƙasa ko masana'antu, samfuran masana'antun daban-daban sun bambanta sosai.
1. Samfur swab: Samfur swab kai tsaye yana tuntuɓar wurin yin samfur, kuma kayan samfurin shugaban suna da alaƙa da ganowa na gaba. Shugaban swab samfurin ya kamata a yi shi da polyester (PE) fiber roba ko Rayon (fiber na mutum). Ba za a iya amfani da soso na Calcium alginate ko swabs na katako (ciki har da sandunan bamboo) ba, kuma kayan swab ba zai iya zama kayan auduga ba. Saboda fiber na auduga yana da haɓakar furotin mai ƙarfi, ba shi da sauƙi a ɓoye cikin maganin ajiya na gaba; kuma lokacin da sandar katako ko itacen gora mai dauke da calcium alginate da kayan aikin katako suka karye, jika a cikin maganin ajiya shima zai iya lalata furotin, har ma zai iya hana halayen PCR na gaba. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da filaye na roba irin su PE fiber, polyester fiber da polypropylene fiber don kayan swab shugaban. Ba a ba da shawarar zaruruwan yanayi kamar auduga ba. Hakanan ba a ba da shawarar zaren nailan ba saboda nailan fibers (mai kama da kan goge goge) yana sha ruwa. Talauci, yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙima, yana shafar ƙimar ganowa. Calcium alginate soso an haramta shi don ɗaukar kayan swab! Hannun swab yana da nau'i biyu: karye da ginannen ciki. An sanya swab da aka karye a cikin bututun ajiya bayan an yi samfurin, kuma murfin bututu ya karye bayan an karya shi daga matsayi kusa da kan samfurin; swab ɗin da aka gina a kai tsaye yana sanya swab ɗin samfurin a cikin bututun ajiya bayan an yi samfurin, kuma an gina murfin bututun ajiya a Daidaita ƙaramin rami tare da saman hannun kuma ƙara murfin bututu. Kwatanta hanyoyin biyu, na biyun yana da lafiya. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da swab ɗin da aka karye tare da ƙaramin bututun ajiya, zai iya haifar da zubar da ruwa a cikin bututu lokacin da ya karye, kuma ya kamata a biya cikakkiyar kulawa ga haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar rashin amfani da samfurin. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da bututu mai extruded polystyrene (PS) ko bututun allurar polypropylene (PP) don kayan swab rike. Komai abin da aka yi amfani da shi, ba za a iya ƙara abubuwan da ake amfani da su na calcium alginate; sandunan katako ko sandunan Bamboo. A takaice dai, samfurin swab ya kamata ya tabbatar da adadin samfurin da adadin sakin, kuma kayan da aka zaɓa ba dole ba ne su sami abubuwan da suka shafi gwaji na gaba.
2. Maganin adana ƙwayoyin cuta: Akwai nau'ikan maganin ƙwayoyin cuta iri biyu da ake amfani da su sosai a kasuwa, ɗayan maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda aka gyara ta hanyar hanyar sufuri, ɗayan kuma maganin da aka gyara don cire sinadarin nucleic acid lysate.
Babban abin da ke cikin tsohon shine cibiyar al'adun gargajiya ta Eagle (MEM) ko kuma daidaitaccen gishirin Hank, wanda aka ƙara da gishiri, amino acid, bitamin, glucose da furotin da ake bukata don tsira daga cutar. Wannan bayani na ajiya yana amfani da phenol ja sodium gishiri a matsayin mai nuni da bayani. Lokacin da darajar pH ta kasance 6.6-8.0, bayani shine ruwan hoda. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na glucose, L-glutamine da furotin ana ƙara su zuwa maganin adanawa. Ana samar da furotin a cikin nau'in jini na bovine na ɗan tayi ko kuma na bovine serum albumin, wanda zai iya daidaita harsashin furotin na ƙwayoyin cuta. Domin maganin adanawa yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, yana da amfani ga rayuwar ƙwayoyin cuta amma kuma yana da amfani ga haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan maganin adanawa ya gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, zai ninka da yawa. Carbon dioxide a cikin metabolites ɗin sa zai sa maganin adana pH ya faɗo daga ruwan hoda Juya rawaya. Sabili da haka, yawancin masana'antun sun ƙara kayan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa tsarin su. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar antibacterial sune penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin da polymyxin B. Sodium azide da 2-methyl ba a ba da shawarar Inhibitors kamar 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) da 5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) saboda waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara suna da tasiri akan halayen PCR. Tun da samfurin da aka ba da wannan maganin maganin shine ainihin ƙwayar cuta mai rai, asalin samfurin za a iya kiyaye shi zuwa mafi girma, kuma ana iya amfani dashi ba kawai don hakar da gano kwayoyin nucleic acid ba, har ma don noma da kuma noma. keɓewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don ganowa, dole ne a cire cirewar acid nucleic da tsarkakewa bayan rashin aiki.
Wani nau'in bayani na adanawa wanda aka shirya bisa ga hakar acid nucleic acid lysate, manyan abubuwan da aka gyara sune daidaitattun salts, EDTA chelating agent, guanidine gishiri (kamar guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, da dai sauransu), anionic surfactant (kamar dodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic. surfactants (irin su tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara, Wannan bayani na ajiya shine don cire kwayar cutar kai tsaye don saki acid nucleic da kuma kawar da RNase. Idan kawai ana amfani da ita don RT-PCR, ya fi dacewa, amma lysate na iya kashe kwayar cutar. Ba za a iya amfani da irin wannan samfurin don rarrabuwar al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta ba.
Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da EDTA salts (kamar dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, da dai sauransu), kuma ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da heparin (kamar sodium heparin, lithium heparin). don kada ya shafi gano PCR.
3. Bututun adanawa: Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan bututun adanawa a hankali. Akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa polypropylene (Polypropylene) yana da alaƙa da adsorption na acid nucleic, musamman a babban tashin hankali ion maida hankali, polyethylene (Polyethylene) ya fi son polypropylene (Polypropylene) Mai sauƙin fahimtar DNA / RNA. Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) filastik da wasu kwantena filastik na musamman da aka sarrafa (Polypropylene) sun fi dacewa da ajiyar DNA/RNA. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin amfani da swab mai karye, bututun ajiya yakamata yayi ƙoƙarin zaɓar akwati mai tsayi fiye da 8 cm don hana abin da ke ciki daga fantsama da gurɓata lokacin da swab ya karye.
4. Ruwa don samar da bayani na adanawa: Ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da maganin adanawa ya kamata a tace ta hanyar ultrafiltration membrane tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 13,000 don tabbatar da kawar da ƙazantattun polymer daga tushen ilimin halitta, kamar RNase, DNase, da endotoxin, da kuma tsarkakewa na yau da kullun ba a ba da shawarar ba. Ruwa ko distilled ruwa.
2. Amfani da bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta
Samfurin yin amfani da bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta an raba shi zuwa samfurin oropharyngeal da samfurin nasopharyngeal:
1. Samfur na Oropharyngeal: Da farko a danna harshe tare da maƙarƙashiya harshe, sannan a shimfiɗa kan samfurin samfurin a cikin makogwaro don goge tonsils na pharyngeal biyu da bangon pharyngeal na baya, sannan a goge bangon pharyngeal na baya da karfi, kauce wa taba harshe. naúrar.
2. Samfurin Nasopharyngeal: auna nisa daga saman hanci zuwa lobe na kunne tare da swab sannan a yi alama da yatsa, saka swab ɗin samfurin a cikin kogon hanci ta hanyar hanci a tsaye (fuskar), swab ɗin yakamata ya shimfiɗa. aƙalla rabin tsawon lobe ɗin kunne zuwa bakin hanci, Bar swab a cikin hanci don 15-30 seconds, a hankali. juya sau 3-5, kuma janye swab.
Ba shi da wuya a gani daga hanyar amfani, ko yana da swab na oropharyngeal ko nasopharyngeal swab, samfurin aiki ne na fasaha, wanda yake da wuyar gaske kuma ya gurɓata. Ingancin samfurin da aka tattara yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ganowa na gaba. Idan samfurin da aka tattara yana da nauyin ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi don haifar da rashin gaskiya, da wuya a tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-21-2020
