1. E pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu hōʻailona virus
No nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau nā paipu hōʻailona virus. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea hana hale e like me nā huahana papa mua, a he liʻiliʻi nā hui i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e like me nā huahana papa lua. I kēia mau lā, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono ulia pōpilikia o Wuhan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ua lawe nā hui he nui i ka "channel emergency" "E noi no ka ʻae palapala papa mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pahu sampling virus me kahi sampling swab, virus preserv solution a me waho. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe kūlana aupuni a i ʻole maʻamau ʻoihana, ʻokoʻa nā huahana o nā mea hana like ʻole.
1. Sampling swab: Hoʻopili pololei ka sampling swab i ka sampling site, a ʻo ka mea o ke poʻo sampling pili pono i ka ʻike ma hope. Pono e hana ʻia ke poʻo swab sampling me ka fiber synthetic Polyester (PE) a i ʻole Rayon (ka fiber i hana ʻia e ke kanaka). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōhuhi calcium alginate a i ʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau (me nā lāʻau ʻohe), a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea o ke poʻo swab i nā huahana pulupulu. No ka mea, he nui ka adsorption o ka protein i ka pulupulu pulupulu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hopena mālama mālama; a i ka wā e haki ai ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau ʻohe i loko o ka calcium alginate a me nā ʻāpana lāʻau, ʻo ka hoʻoinu ʻana i loko o ka wai hoʻopaʻa e hoʻopili pū i ka protein, a hiki iā ia ke kāohi i ka hopena PCR ma hope. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā fiber synthetic e like me PE fiber, polyester fiber a me polypropylene fiber no ka mea o ke poʻo swab. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā fiber kūlohelohe e like me ka pulupulu. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka fiber nylon no ka mea ʻo nā fiber nylon (e like me nā poʻo pulupulu niho) e komo i ka wai. ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o ka laʻana, e pili ana i ka helu ʻike. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻōhuʻu calcium alginate no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea swab! ʻElua ʻano ʻano o ka ʻauʻau swab: haki a kūkulu ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka swab i haʻihaʻi ʻia i loko o ka pahu mālama ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, a ua haki ka pāpale paipu ma hope o ka haki ʻana mai kahi kokoke i ke poʻo hoʻohālike; ʻo ka swab i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻokomo pololei i ka swab sampling i loko o ka puʻu waihona ma hope o ka laʻana, a kūkulu ʻia ka uhi pahu waihona i loko E hoʻopololei i ka lua liʻiliʻi me ke poʻo o ka lima a hoʻopaʻa i ka uhi o ka paipu. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā ʻano ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hope. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka swab nahā i hui pū ʻia me kahi paipu waiho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai i loko o ka paipu i ka wā e haki ai, a pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka haumia i hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka huahana. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka paipu hollow polystyrene (PS) extruded tube a i ʻole polypropylene (PP) injection creasing tube no ka mea o ka ʻōpala swab. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui calcium alginate; lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole lāʻau ʻOhe. I ka pōkole, pono e hōʻoia ka swab sampling i ka nui o ka laʻana a me ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a ʻaʻole pono nā mea i koho ʻia i nā mea e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua ma hope.
2. ʻO ka hopena hoʻopaʻa maʻi virus: Aia ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana mālama maʻi maʻi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka mākeke, ʻo kekahi ka hopena mālama virus i hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ke ala lawe, a ʻo kekahi he hopena hoʻololi no ka nucleic acid extraction lysate.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka mea mua ʻo ka Eagle's basic culture medium (MEM) a i ʻole ka paʻakai kaulike a Hank, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā paʻakai, nā waikawa amino, nā huaora, ka glucose a me ka protein e pono ai ke ola ʻana o ka maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakai sodium ʻulaʻula phenol ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona a me ka hopena. Ke 6.6-8.0 ka pH waiwai, ʻulaʻula ka hopena. Hoʻohui ʻia ka glucose pono, L-glutamine a me ka protein i ka hopena mālama. Hāʻawi ʻia ka protein ma ke ʻano o ka fetal bovine serum a i ʻole bovine serum albumin, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka pūpū protein o ka maʻi. Ma muli o ka waiwai o ka hoʻoponopono mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai, he mea kūpono ia i ke ola ʻana o ka maʻi akā pono pū kekahi i ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria. Inā hoʻohaumia ʻia ka hopena mālama ʻia me ka bacteria, e hoʻonui ia i ka nui. ʻO ka carbon dioxide i loko o kāna mau metabolites e hāʻule ka pH solution mai ka ʻulaʻula Huli melemele. No laila, ua hoʻohui ka hapa nui o nā mea hana i nā mea antibacterial i kā lākou hana. ʻO nā mea antibacterial i manaʻo ʻia he penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin a me polymyxin B. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Sodium azide a me 2-methyl ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Inhibitors e like me 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) a me 5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) no ka mea he hopena kēia mau mea i ka hopena PCR. No ka mea, ʻo ka hāpana i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia hoʻonā mālama mālama he maʻi ola, hiki ke mālama ʻia ke ʻano kumu o ka hāpana i ka nui loa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻaʻole wale no ka unuhi ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā waikawa nucleic virus, akā no ka mahiʻai a kaʻawale ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai no ka ʻike ʻana, pono e hana ʻia ka nucleic acid extraction a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka inactivation.
ʻO kekahi ʻano hoʻomalu mālama ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma muli o ka nucleic acid extraction lysate, nā mea nui he paʻakai kaulike, EDTA chelating agent, guanidine paʻakai (e like me guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, etc.), anionic surfactant (e like me dodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactants (e like me ka tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Inā hoʻohana wale ʻia no RT-PCR, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā hiki i ka lysate ke hoʻopau i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano laʻana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka moʻomeheu virus.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ion metala i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hopena mālama virus e hoʻohana i nā paʻakai EDTA (e like me ka dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka heparin (e like me ka sodium heparin, lithium heparin), i ʻole e pili i ka ʻike PCR.
3. Preservation tube: Pono e koho pono ʻia ke ʻano o ka paipu mālama. Aia nā ʻikepili e hōʻike ana e pili ana ka polypropylene (Polypropylene) i ka adsorption o ka waikawa nucleic, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ion concentrate, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka polyethylene (Polyethylene) ma mua o ka polypropylene (Polypropylene) maʻalahi e hopu i ka DNA/RNA. ʻO ka polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) plastic a me kekahi mau ipu ʻili polypropylene (Polypropylene) i hana kūikawā ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka DNA/RNA. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kahi swab hiki ke wāwahi, pono e hoʻāʻo ka pahu mālama e koho i kahi pahu me ke kiʻekiʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 knm e pale aku ai i ka paʻi ʻana a me ka haumia i ka wā i haki ai ka swab.
4. ʻO ka wai no ka hoʻoponopono mālama ʻana i ka wai: ʻO ka wai ultrapure i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻōla mālama ʻana e pono ke kānana ʻia ma o ka membrane ultrafiltration me ke kaumaha molekala o 13,000 e hōʻoia i ka wehe ʻana o nā haumia polymer mai nā kumu olaola, e like me RNase, DNase, a me endotoxin, a ʻAʻole paipai ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau. Ka wai a i ʻole ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
2. Hoʻohana i nā paipu hōʻailona virus
Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ka laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka maʻi virus sampling i loko o ka oropharyngeal sampling a me ka nasopharyngeal sampling:
1. Oropharyngeal sampling: E kaomi mua i ke alelo me ke alelo depressor, a laila e hoʻolōʻihi i ke poʻo o ka sampling swab i loko o ka puʻu e holoi i ka bilateral pharyngeal tonsils a me ka paia pharyngeal hope, a holoi i ka paia pharyngeal hope me ka ikaika māmā, e pale i ka hoʻopā ʻana i ke alelo. ʻāpana.
2. Nasopharyngeal sampling: e ana i ka mamao mai ka piko o ka ihu a hiki i ka lobe pepeiao me ka swab a kaha me ka manamana lima, e hookomo i ka sampling swab i loko o ka nasal cavity ma ke kuhikuhi o ka ihu kū pololei (maka), pono e hoʻonui ka swab. ma ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka lobe pepeiao a hiki i ka piko o ka ihu, E waiho i ka pulupulu ma ka ihu no 15-30 kekona, e hoʻololi mālie 3-5 manawa, a hoʻihoʻi i ka swab.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike mai ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana, inā he oropharyngeal swab a i ʻole ka nasopharyngeal swab, ʻo ka laʻana he hana ʻenehana, paʻakikī a haumia. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hāpana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e pili pono i ka ʻike ma hope. Inā he viral load ka hāpana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, maʻalahi e hoʻopiʻi hewa hewa, paʻakikī ke hōʻoia i ka ʻike.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-21-2020
