1. Kubijyanye no gukora imiyoboro ya virusi
Imiyoboro ya virusi ni iy'ibikoresho byubuvuzi.Abenshi mu bakora inganda zo mu gihugu biyandikishije ukurikije ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa mbere, kandi ibigo bike byanditswe ukurikije ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa kabiri.Vuba aha, kugirango ibyifuzo byihutirwa bya Wuhan nahandi hantu, ibigo byinshi byafashe "umuyoboro wihutirwa" "Saba uruhushya rwo mu cyiciro cya mbere.Imiyoboro ya virusi igizwe na sampling swab, igisubizo cyo kubungabunga virusi hamwe no gupakira hanze.Kubera ko nta bipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu bihuriweho cyangwa inganda, ibicuruzwa byinganda zitandukanye biratandukanye cyane.
1. Icyitegererezo cya swab: Icyitegererezo cya swab gihura neza nicyitegererezo, kandi ibikoresho byumutwe wicyitegererezo bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kumenya nyuma.Icyitegererezo cya swab umutwe kigomba kuba gikozwe muri fibre ya polyester (PE) cyangwa Rayon (fibre yakozwe n'abantu).Kalisiyumu alginate sponge cyangwa ibiti by'ibiti (harimo imigano) ntibishobora gukoreshwa, kandi ibikoresho byo mumutwe wa swab ntibishobora kuba ibicuruzwa.Kuberako fibre fibre ifite adsorption ikomeye ya poroteyine, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo igisubizo kibikwa nyuma;kandi mugihe inkoni yimbaho cyangwa imigano irimo calcium alginate nibikoresho byimbaho bimenetse, gushira mububiko bizanatanga adsorbine proteine, ndetse bizanabuza guhagarika PCR nyuma.Birasabwa gukoresha fibre synthique nka fibre ya PE, fibre polyester na polypropilene fibre kubintu byumutwe wa swab.Fibre naturel nka pamba ntabwo isabwa.Fibre ya Nylon nayo ntisabwa kubera ko fibre nylon (isa nu mutwe woza amenyo) ikurura amazi.Abakene, bivamo urugero rwicyitegererezo rudahagije, bigira ingaruka kumubare.Kalisiyumu alginate sponge irabujijwe gutoranya ibikoresho bya swab!Igikoresho cya Swab gifite ubwoko bubiri: bwacitse kandi bwubatswe.Swab yamenetse ishyirwa mububiko nyuma yo gutoranywa, hanyuma igituba kiravunika nyuma yo kuvunika kumwanya uri hafi yumutwe wicyitegererezo;swab yubatswe yubatswe ishyira mu buryo butaziguye icyitegererezo cyo kubika nyuma yo gutoranya, hanyuma igipfunyika cyo kubika cyubatswe cyubatswe muri Huza umwobo muto hamwe hejuru yigitereko hanyuma uhambire igifuniko.Ugereranije uburyo bubiri, bwa nyuma ni umutekano.Iyo swab yamenetse ikoreshwa ifatanije nubunini buto bwo kubika, irashobora gutera amazi kumeneka mugihe yamenetse, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa byimazeyo ibyago byo kwanduzwa biterwa no gukoresha nabi ibicuruzwa.Birasabwa gukoresha umuyoboro wuzuye wa polystirene (PS) cyangwa umuyoboro wa polipropilene (PP) utera inshinge ibikoresho bya swab.Ntakibazo cyakoreshwa, calcium alginate inyongera ntishobora kongerwaho;inkoni z'ibiti cyangwa imigano.Muri make, icyitegererezo cya swab kigomba kwemeza umubare wicyitegererezo hamwe nigisohoka, kandi ibikoresho byatoranijwe ntibigomba kugira ibintu bigira ingaruka kubizamini byakurikiyeho.
2. Igisubizo cyo kubungabunga virusi: Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibisubizo byo kubungabunga virusi bikoreshwa cyane ku isoko, kimwe ni igisubizo cyo kubungabunga virusi cyahinduwe gishingiye ku buryo bwo gutwara abantu, ikindi ni igisubizo cyahinduwe cyo gukuramo aside nucleic aside.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi byambere ni umuco wibanze wa Eagle (MEM) cyangwa umunyu uringaniye wa Hank, wongeyeho umunyu, aside amine, vitamine, glucose na proteyine bikenewe kugirango virusi ibeho.Iki gisubizo cyo kubika gikoresha umunyu wa sodium ya redol nkicyerekana nigisubizo.Iyo agaciro ka pH ari 6.6-8.0, igisubizo ni umutuku.Glucose ikenewe, L-glutamine na proteyine byongewe kumuti wo kubungabunga.Poroteyine itangwa muburyo bwa serumu ya bovine serum cyangwa bovine serum albumin, ishobora guhagarika poroteyine ya virusi.Kubera ko igisubizo cyo kubungabunga gikungahaye ku ntungamubiri, gifasha kubaho virusi ariko kandi kigira akamaro no gukura kwa bagiteri.Niba igisubizo cyo kubungabunga cyanduye na bagiteri, kizagwira ku bwinshi.Dioxyde de carbone muri metabolite yayo izatera igisubizo cyo kubungabunga pH kugwa kumuhondo Guhinduka umuhondo.Kubwibyo, abayikora benshi bongeyeho antibacterial yibigize.Imiti igabanya ubukana ni penisiline, streptomycine, gentamicin na polymyxine B. Sodium azide na 2-methyl ntibisabwa Inhibitor nka 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-imwe (MCI) na 5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-imwe (CMCI) kuko ibyo bice bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire ya PCR.Kubera ko icyitegererezo gitangwa niki gisubizo cyo kubungabunga ahanini ari virusi nzima, umwimerere wicyitegererezo urashobora kubikwa ku rugero runini, kandi ntushobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gukuramo no gutahura aside nucleic aside, ariko no mu guhinga no kwigunga kwa virusi.Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko mugihe gikoreshwa mugushakisha, gukuramo aside nucleic no kweza bigomba gukorwa nyuma yo kudakora.
Ubundi buryo bwo kubungabunga bwateguwe bushingiye kuri lisate ikuramo aside nucleic, ibice byingenzi ni umunyu uringaniye, agent ya chelating EDTA, umunyu wa guanidine (nka guanidine isothiocyanate, hydrochloride ya guanidine, nibindi), anionic surfactant (nka dodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactants (nka tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), fenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K nibindi bice, Iki gisubizo cyo kubika ni ugukuraho virusi kugirango irekure aside nucleic no gukuraho RNase.Niba ikoreshwa gusa kuri RT-PCR, irakwiriye, ariko lysate irashobora kudakora virusi.Ubu bwoko bw'icyitegererezo ntibushobora gukoreshwa mugutandukanya umuco wa virusi.
Umuti wa ion chelating agent ukoreshwa mugukingira virusi urasabwa gukoresha umunyu wa EDTA (nka dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic aside, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic aside, nibindi), kandi ntibisabwa gukoresha heparin (nka sodium heparin, lithium heparin), kugirango bitagira ingaruka kuri PCR.
3. Umuyoboro wo kubungabunga: Ibikoresho byo kubika bigomba gutoranywa neza.Hariho amakuru yerekana ko polypropilene (Polypropilene) ifitanye isano na adsorption ya acide nucleic, cyane cyane kuri ioni yibanda cyane, polyethylene (Polyethylene) ikundwa cyane kuruta polypropilene (Polypropilene) Biroroshye gufata ADN / RNA.Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) plastike hamwe na polipropilene itunganijwe cyane (Polypropilene) ibikoresho bya plastiki birakwiriye kubika ADN / RNA.Byongeye kandi, mugihe ukoresheje swab yamenetse, umuyoboro wububiko ugomba kugerageza guhitamo ikintu gifite uburebure burenze cm 8 kugirango wirinde ibirimo kumeneka no kwanduzwa mugihe swab yamenetse.
4. Amazi yo kubungabunga umusaruro: Amazi ya ultrapure akoreshwa mugukemura ikibazo cyo kubungabunga umusaruro agomba kuyungurura binyuze muri ultrafiltration membrane ifite uburemere bwa molekile ingana na 13.000 kugirango harebwe ko umwanda wa polymer uva mubinyabuzima nka RNase, DNase, na endotoxine, na kwezwa bisanzwe ntabwo byemewe.Amazi cyangwa amazi yatoboye.
2. Gukoresha imiyoboro ya virusi
Gutoranya ukoresheje virusi ya samedi ya virusi bigabanijwe cyane cyane muri oropharyngeal sampling na nasopharyngeal sampling:
1 igice.
2. Icyitegererezo cya Nasopharyngeal: bapima intera kuva hejuru yizuru kugeza kumatwi yugutwi ukoresheje swab hanyuma ushireho urutoki, shyiramo icyitegererezo cya swab mu cyuho cyizuru cyerekezo cyizuru rihagaze (mumaso), swab igomba kwaguka byibuze kimwe cya kabiri cyuburebure bwamatwi kugeza hejuru yizuru, Siga swab mumazuru amasegonda 15-30, uzenguruke buhoro inshuro 3-5, hanyuma ukure swab.
Ntabwo bigoye kubona muburyo bwo gukoresha, bwaba ari oropharyngeal swab cyangwa nasopharyngeal swab, sampling ni umurimo wa tekiniki, utoroshye kandi wanduye.Ubwiza bwikusanyamakuru bwakusanyirijwe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho.Niba icyitegererezo cyegeranijwe gifite umutwaro wa virusi Ntoya, byoroshye gutera ibibi, biragoye kwemeza indwara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-21-2020
