1. Malunga nokuveliswa kweetyhubhu zesampulu yentsholongwane
Iityhubhu zesampulu zentsholongwane zezemveliso yesixhobo zonyango. Uninzi lwabavelisi basekhaya babhaliswe ngokweemveliso zeklasi yokuqala, kwaye iinkampani ezimbalwa zibhalisiwe ngokwemveliso yeklasi yesibini. Kungekudala, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo ze-Wuhan kunye nezinye iindawo, iinkampani ezininzi zithathe "ijelo likaxakeka" "Faka isicelo semvume yerekhodi yeklasi yokuqala. Ityhubhu yesampulu yentsholongwane yenziwe ngesampulu yesampulu, isisombululo sogcino lwentsholongwane kunye nokupakishwa kwangaphandle. Kuba akukho mgangatho umanyeneyo wesizwe okanye umgangatho woshishino, iimveliso zabavelisi abahlukeneyo zahluka kakhulu.
1. I-sampling swab: I-swab yesampuli idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo indawo yesampuli, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zentloko yesampuli zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokufumanisa okulandelayo. Intloko yesampulu yeswab kufuneka yenziwe ngePolyester (PE) ifayibha yokwenziwa okanye iRayon (ifiber eyenziwe ngumntu). Isiponji se-alginate ye-calcium okanye i-swabs yentonga yokhuni (kubandakanywa neentonga ze-bamboo) ayinakusetyenziswa, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zentloko ye-swab ayinakuba yimveliso yekotoni. Ngenxa yokuba i-cotton fiber ine-adsorption eyomeleleyo yeprotheni, akulula ukuyikhupha kwisisombululo sokugcina esilandelayo; kwaye xa intonga yeplanga okanye intonga ye-bamboo equlethe i-calcium alginate kunye namacandelo eplanga yaphukile, ukucwina kwisisombululo sokugcina kuya kubhengeza iprotheni, kwaye iya kuthintela ukusabela kwe-PCR okulandelayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iifayili zokwenziwa ezifana ne-PE fiber, i-polyester fiber kunye ne-polypropylene fiber kwizinto eziphathekayo zentloko ye-swab. Iintsinga zendalo ezifana nekotoni azikhuthazwa. Iintsinga zenayiloni nazo azikhuthazwa kuba iintsinga zenayiloni (ezifana neentloko zebrashi yamazinyo) zifunxa amanzi. Imbi, ekhokelela kwisampulu engonelanga yevolumu, echaphazela izinga lobhaqo. Isiponji seCalcium alginate akuvumelekanga ukwenza isampulu yeswab! Umqheba weSwab uneentlobo ezimbini: ezaphukileyo kunye nezakhelwe ngaphakathi. I-swab ephukileyo ifakwe kwi-tube yokugcina emva kwesampuli, kwaye i-tube cap iphukile emva kokuphulwa ukusuka kwindawo ekufutshane nentloko yesampuli; i-swab eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ibeka ngokuthe ngqo i-sampling swab kwi-tube yokugcina emva kwesampuli, kunye nesigqubuthelo setyhubhu yokugcina yakhiwe ngokulungelelanisa umngxuma omncinci kunye nomphezulu wesiphatho kwaye uqinise isigqubuthelo sombhobho. Ukuthelekisa ezi ndlela zimbini, le yokugqibela ikhuselekile noko. Xa i-swab ephukileyo isetyenziswe ngokubambisana netyhubhu yokugcina ubungakanani obuncinci, inokubangela ukutshiza kwamanzi kwi-tube xa iphukile, kwaye ingqalelo epheleleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumngcipheko wokungcola okubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemveliso. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-polystyrene engenanto (PS) ityhubhu ekhutshiweyo okanye i-polypropylene (PP) ityhubhu ye-creasing ye-injection kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-swab handle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi into esetyenzisiweyo, i-calcium alginate additives ayinakongezwa; iintonga zokhuni okanye iintonga zeBamboo. Ngamafutshane, i-swab yesampuli kufuneka iqinisekise ubungakanani besampulu kunye nobungakanani bokukhululwa, kwaye izinto ezikhethiweyo akufanele zibe nezinto ezichaphazela uvavanyo olulandelayo.
2. Isisombululo sokugcinwa kwentsholongwane: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezisombululo zokugcinwa kwentsholongwane ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimarike, enye isisombululo sokugcinwa kwentsholongwane eguqulwayo ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokuthutha, kwaye enye isisombululo esilungisiweyo se-nucleic acid extraction lysate.
Elona candelo liphambili lelona candelo lisisiseko senkcubeko ye-Eagle (MEM) okanye ityuwa elungeleleneyo ye-Hank, eyongezwa kunye neetyuwa, ii-amino acids, iivithamini, iswekile kunye neprotein eyimfuneko ukuze kuphile intsholongwane. Esi sisombululo sokugcina sisebenzisa i-phenol ityuwa ye-sodium ebomvu njengesalathisi kunye nesisombululo. Xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-6.6-8.0, isisombululo sipinki. I-glucose efunekayo, i-L-glutamine kunye neprotheni yongezwa kwisisombululo sokugcina. Iprotheni inikezelwa ngendlela ye-fetal bovine serum okanye i-albumin yenkomo yenkomo, enokuzinzisa iqokobhe leprotheni yentsholongwane. Ngenxa yokuba isisombululo sokugcina sityebile kwizondlo, siyanceda ekusindeni kwentsholongwane kodwa sikwaluncedo ekukhuleni kweebhaktheriya. Ukuba isisombululo sokugcina singcolisekile ngebhaktheriya, siya kuphindaphinda ngobuninzi. Ikharbon diokside kwiimetabolites zayo iya kubangela ukuba isisombululo sogcino pH siwe kwipinki Ijike ibe tyheli. Ngoko ke, abaninzi abavelisi bongeze izithako ze-antibacterial kwi-formulation yabo. Ii-antibacterial agents ezicetyiswayo ziyi-penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin kunye ne-polymyxin B. I-Sodium azide kunye ne-2-methyl ayikhuthazwa i-Inhibitors njenge-4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) kunye ne-5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-enye (CMCI) kuba la macandelo anempembelelo kwi-PCR reaction. Ekubeni isampuli ebonelelwe sesi sisombululo sogcino luyintsholongwane ephilayo, imvelaphi yesampulu ingagcinwa ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukutsalwa kunye nokufunyanwa kwentsholongwane ye-nucleic acids, kodwa kunye nokulima kunye nokulima. ukwahlukaniswa kweentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa, ukutsalwa kwe-nucleic acid kunye nokucocwa kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokungasebenzi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesisombululo sogcino olulungiselelwe ngokusekelwe kwi-nucleic acid extraction lysate, amacandelo aphambili ziityuwa ezilungeleleneyo, i-ejenti ye-EDTA ye-chelating, ityuwa ye-guanidine (njenge-guanidine isothiocyanate, i-guanidine hydrochloride, njl.), i-anionic surfactant (efana ne-dodecane Sodium sulfate) i-surfactants (njenge-tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), i-phenol, i-8-hydroxyquinoline, i-dithiothreitol (i-DTT), i-proteinase K kunye namanye amacandelo, Esi sisombululo sokugcinwa kukuqhawula ngokuthe ngqo intsholongwane ukukhulula i-nucleic acid kunye nokuphelisa i-RNase. Ukuba isetyenziselwa kuphela i-RT-PCR, ifanelekile ngakumbi, kodwa i-lysate inokwenza intsholongwane ingasebenzi. Olu hlobo lwesampulu alunakusetyenziselwa ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko yentsholongwane.
I-agent yensimbi ye-ion chelating esetyenziswe kwisisombululo sokugcinwa kwentsholongwane iyacetyiswa ukuba isebenzise iityuwa ze-EDTA (ezifana ne-dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, i-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, njl.), kwaye akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-heparin (njenge-sodium heparin, i-lithium heparin), ukuze ingachaphazeli ukufunyanwa kwePCR.
3. Umbhobho wokulondoloza: Izinto eziphathekayo ityhubhu yokugcina kufuneka zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Kukho idatha ebonisa ukuba i-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) ihambelana ne-adsorption ye-nucleic acid, ngokukodwa kwi-concentration ye-ion tension, i-polyethylene (i-Polyethylene) ikhethwa ngaphezu kwe-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) Kulula ukuyiqonda i-DNA / RNA. Iplastiki yePolyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) kunye nezinye izikhongozeli zeplastiki ezenziwe ngokukodwa (iPolypropylene) zifaneleke ngakumbi ukugcinwa kwe-DNA/RNA. Ukongezelela, xa usebenzisa i-swab ephukayo, ityhubhu yokugcina kufuneka izame ukukhetha isitya esinobude obungaphezu kwe-8 cm ukukhusela iziqulatho zokutshiza kunye nokungcoliswa xa i-swab iphukile.
4. Amanzi esisombululo sokugcinwa kwemveliso: Amanzi ahlambulukileyo asetyenziselwa isisombululo sokugcinwa kwemveliso kufuneka ahluzwe kwi-membrane ye-ultrafiltration kunye nobunzima be-molecular ye-13,000 ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola kwe-polymer kwimithombo yezinto eziphilayo, njenge-RNase, i-DNase, kunye ne-endotoxin, kunye ukuhlanjululwa okuqhelekileyo akukhuthazwa. Amanzi okanye amanzi adibeneyo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu zesampulu yentsholongwane
Iisampulu kusetyenziswa ityhubhu yesampulu yentsholongwane yahlulahlulwe ikakhulu ngokwesampulu ye-oropharyngeal kunye nesampulu ye-nasopharyngeal:
1. Isampula ye-Oropharyngeal: Okokuqala cinezela ulwimi kunye ne-depressor yolwimi, emva koko wandise intloko ye-sampling swab emqaleni ukuze usule i-bilateral pharyngeal tonsils kunye nodonga lwangasemva lwe-pharyngeal, kwaye usule udonga lwangasemva lwe-pharyngeal ngamandla okukhanya, ugweme ukubamba ulwimi. iyunithi.
2. Isampula ye-Nasopharyngeal: ukulinganisa umgama ukusuka kwincam yempumlo ukuya kwi-ear lobe kunye ne-swab kwaye uphawule ngomnwe, faka i-sampling swab kwi-nasopharyngeal ye-nasal icala kwicala lempumlo ethe nkqo (ubuso), i-swab kufuneka yandise. ubuncinci isiqingatha sobude bendlebe ukuya kwincam yempumlo, Shiya i-swab empumlweni imizuzwana eyi-15-30, ujikeleze ngobunono amaxesha angama-3-5, kwaye urhoxise i-swab.
Akunzima ukubona kwindlela yokusetyenziswa, ingaba i-oropharyngeal swab okanye i-nasopharyngeal swab, isampuli ngumsebenzi wobugcisa, onzima kwaye ungcolisekile. Umgangatho wesampulu eqokelelweyo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokufumanisa okulandelayo. Ukuba isampuli eqokelelweyo inomthamo wentsholongwane egazini Eliphantsi, kulula ukubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kobuxoki, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2020
