1. Mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamashubhu esampula egciwane
Amashubhu amasampula egciwane awemikhiqizo yensiza yezokwelapha. Abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya babhaliswe ngokwemikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala, futhi izinkampani ezimbalwa ezibhalisiwe ngokwemikhiqizo yezinga lesibili. Muva nje, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zase-Wuhan nezinye izindawo, izinkampani eziningi zithathe “isiteshi sezimo eziphuthumayo” “Faka isicelo semvume yerekhodi yezinga lokuqala. Ishubhu lesampula legciwane lakhiwe i-swab yesampula, isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane kanye nokupakishwa kwangaphandle. Njengoba lingekho izinga elihlanganisiwe likazwelonke noma izinga lemboni, imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene iyahluka kakhulu.
1. I-swab yesampula: I-swab yesampula ithintana ngqo nesayithi lamasampula, futhi impahla yekhanda lamasampula ihlobene eduze nokutholwa okulandelayo. Ikhanda lesampula le-swab kufanele lenziwe nge-Polyester (PE) i-synthetic fiber noma i-Rayon (i-fiber eyenziwe ngumuntu). Isipontshi se-calcium alginate noma ama-swabs stick stick (kuhlanganise nezinti ze-bamboo) azikwazi ukusetshenziswa, futhi impahla yekhanda le-swab ayikwazi ukuba imikhiqizo kakotini. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cotton fiber ine-adsorption eqinile yamaprotheni, akulula ukuthungatha kwisixazululo esilandelayo sokugcina; futhi lapho induku yokhuni noma induku yoqalo equkethe i-calcium alginate kanye nezingxenye zokhuni iphukile, ukucwiliswa esixazululweni sesitoreji nakho kuzokhanga amaprotheni, futhi ngeke kuvimbele ukusabela kwe-PCR okulandelayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa efana ne-PE fibre, i-polyester fiber kanye ne-polypropylene fiber yezinto zekhanda le-swab. Imicu yemvelo efana ukotini ayinconywa. Imicu yenayiloni nayo ayinconywa ngoba imicu inayiloni (efana namakhanda esixubho) imunca amanzi. Kubi, okuholela kuvolumu yesampula enganele, okuthinta izinga lokutholwa. Isiponji se-calcium alginate asivunyelwe ukusampula impahla ye-swab! Isibambo seswab sinezinhlobo ezimbili: ephukile nesakhelwe ngaphakathi. I-swab ephukile ifakwe ku-tube yokugcina ngemva kwesampula, futhi i-tube cap iphukile ngemva kokuphulwa endaweni eduze kwekhanda lesampula; i-swab eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ibeka ngokuqondile i-swab yesampula kushubhu yokugcina ngemva kwesampula, futhi ikhava yeshubhu yokugcina yakhiwe Qondanisa imbobo encane nengaphezulu lesibambo bese uqinisa ikhava yeshubhu. Uma uqhathanisa lezi zindlela ezimbili, lokhu kwakamuva kuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa. Lapho i-swab ephukile isetshenziswa kanye neshubhu yokugcina usayizi omncane, ingabangela ukuchaphazeka koketshezi epayipini lapho iphukile, futhi ukunakekelwa okugcwele kufanele kukhokhwe engozini yokungcola okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungalungile komkhiqizo. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ishubhu le-polystyrene elingenalutho (PS) extruded tube noma i-polypropylene (PP) yokufaka umjovo weshubhu lezinto zesibambo se-swab. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izithasiselo ze-calcium alginate azikwazi ukungezwa; izinti zokhuni noma izinti zoqalo. Kafushane, i-swab yesampula kufanele iqinisekise inani lamasampula kanye nenani lokukhululwa, futhi izinto ezikhethiwe akufanele zibe nezinto ezithinta ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.
2. Isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezixazululo zokulondoloza igciwane ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe, eyodwa iyisixazululo sokugcinwa kwegciwane esilungisiwe ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuthutha, kanti enye iyisixazululo esilungisiwe se-nucleic acid extraction lysate.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yalokhu yangaphambili iyisiko eliyisisekelo le-Eagle's Culture (MEM) noma usawoti olinganiselayo we-Hank, owengezwa nosawoti, ama-amino acid, amavithamini, ushukela kanye namaprotheni adingekayo ukuze lisinde igciwane. Lesi sixazululo sokugcina sisebenzisa usawoti we-sodium obomvu we-phenol njengenkomba nesixazululo. Lapho inani le-pH lingu-6.6-8.0, isisombululo siba pink. I-glucose edingekayo, i-L-glutamine namaprotheni kwengezwa kwisisombululo sokulondoloza. Iphrotheni ihlinzekwa ngesimo se-fetal bovine serum noma i-albumin ye-bovine serum, engasimamisa igobolondo lamaprotheni egciwane. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhambi lokulondoloza linothile ngezakhi zomzimba, liyasiza ekusindeni kwegciwane kodwa futhi linenzuzo ekukhuleni kwamagciwane. Uma isixazululo sokulondoloza singcoliswe amagciwane, sizophindaphindeka ngobuningi. I-carbon dioxide kuma-metabolites ayo izobangela ukuthi isisombululo sokulondoloza i-pH siwe sisuka e-pink Ishintsha ibe phuzi. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi bangeze izithako ze-antibacterial ekwakhiweni kwabo. Ama-antibacterial agents anconyiwe yi-penicillin, i-streptomycin, i-gentamicin ne-polymyxin B. I-Sodium azide ne-2-methyl ayinconywa Ama-Inhibitors afana ne-4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) kanye ne-5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) ngoba lezi zingxenye zinomthelela ekuphenduleni kwe-PCR. Njengoba isampula esihlinzekwe yilesi sixazululo sokulondoloza ngokuyisisekelo siyigciwane eliphilayo, imvelaphi yesampula ingagcinwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukukhipha nokutholwa kwe-virus nucleic acids, kodwa futhi ukutshala nokutshala. ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma isetshenziselwa ukutholwa, ukukhishwa kwe-nucleic acid nokuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokungasebenzi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesixazululo sokulondoloza olulungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ku-nucleic acid extraction lysate, izingxenye eziyinhloko usawoti olinganiselayo, i-EDTA chelating agent, usawoti we-guanidine (njenge-guanidine isothiocyanate, i-guanidine hydrochloride, njll.), i-anionic surfactant (njenge-dodecane Sodium sulfate), ama-surfactants (njenge i-tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), i-phenol, i-8-hydroxyquinoline, i-dithiothreitol (DTT), i-proteinase K nezinye izingxenye, Lesi sixazululo sokugcina ukuhlukanisa igciwane ngokuqondile ukukhulula i-nucleic acid nokuqeda i-RNase. Uma isetshenziselwa i-RT-PCR kuphela, ifaneleka kakhulu, kodwa i-lysate ingaliyekisa igciwane. Lolu hlobo lwesampula alukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesiko legciwane.
I-metal ion chelating ejenti esetshenziswa kusixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane kunconywa ukusebenzisa usawoti we-EDTA (njenge-dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, i-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, njll.), futhi akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-heparin (njenge-sodium heparin, i-lithium heparin), ukuze ungaphazamisi ukutholwa kwe-PCR.
3. I-Preservation tube: Impahla yeshubhu yokulondoloza kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela. Kukhona idatha ephakamisa ukuthi i-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) ihlobene nokukhanyiswa kwe-nucleic acid, ikakhulukazi ekugxilweni kwe-ion ion ephezulu, i-polyethylene (i-Polyethylene) ikhethwa kakhulu kune-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) Kulula ukubamba i-DNA/RNA. Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) nezinye iziqukathi zepulasitiki ze-polypropylene (Polypropylene) ezigaywe ngokukhethekile zifaneleka kakhulu ukugcinwa kwe-DNA/RNA. Ukwengeza, uma usebenzisa i-swab ephukayo, ishubhu yokugcina kufanele izame ukukhetha isitsha esinobude obungaphezu kuka-8 cm ukuvimbela okuqukethwe ukuthi kungafafazwa futhi kungcoliswe lapho i-swab iphukile.
4. Amanzi esixazululo sokulondoloza ukukhiqizwa: Amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa isixazululo sokulondoloza ukukhiqizwa kufanele ahlungwe ngolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration olunesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-13,000 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kokungcola kwe-polymer emithonjeni yezinto eziphilayo, njenge-RNase, i-DNase, ne-endotoxin, kanye ukuhlanzwa okuvamile akunconywa. Amanzi noma amanzi ase-distilled.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu esampula egciwane
Ukuthatha isampula kusetshenziswa ishubhu yesampula yegciwane kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amasampula e-oropharyngeal kanye nesampula ye-nasopharyngeal:
1. Isampula ye-Oropharyngeal: Okokuqala cindezela ulimi ngokucindezela ulimi, bese welula ikhanda le-swab yesampula emphinjeni ukuze usule amathoni we-pharyngeal amabili kanye nodonga lwangemuva lwepharyngeal, futhi usule udonga lwangemuva lwepharyngeal ngamandla alula, gwema ukuthinta ulimi. iyunithi.
2. Isampula ye-nasopharyngeal: linganisa ibanga ukusuka esihlokweni sekhala ukuya engxenyeni yendlebe nge-swab bese umaka ngomunwe, faka i-swab yesampula emgodini wekhala ohlangothini lwekhala eliqondile (ubuso), i-swab kufanele inwebe. okungenani uhhafu wobude bembobo yendlebe iye esihlokweni sekhala, Shiya i-swab ekhaleni imizuzwana engu-15-30, uyiphendukise ngobumnene. Izikhathi ezingu-3-5, bese ususa i-swab.
Akunzima ukubona endleleni yokusetshenziswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oropharyngeal swab noma i-nasopharyngeal swab, isampula kuwumsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe, onzima futhi ongcolile. Ikhwalithi yesampula eqoqiwe ihlobene ngokuqondile nokutholwa okulandelayo. Uma isampula eqoqiwe inomthamo wegciwane egazini Iphansi, kulula ukuyidala imiphumela engemihle, okunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2020